BULL SHARK DIVES

Geographic Range
The Bull Shark inhabits coastal waters in tropical and subtropical seas worldwide. (Enchanted Learning 2000).

Habitat
Although Bull Sharks have been caught in considerably deeper water, they most often reside in water between 30 meters and waist deep. The sharks also seem to favor murky water for hunting. It is one of the only sharks that is able to survive in freshwater for extended periods of time.

Aquatic Biomes:
reef ; lakes and ponds; rivers and streams; coastal .

Physical Description
Mass: 90 to 230 kg | (198 to 506 lbs)

The Bull Shark can be recognized by its unique body shape, which is much wider in comparison to its length than other sharks, and its snout, which is wider than it is long. These features give the Bull Shark an almost stout appearance. The shark is gray on the top half of its body and off white underneath. Several individuals have been found with pale stripes on the sides of their bodies. The Bull Shark also has two dorsal fins, the second of which is much smaller than the first. Males of the species are approximately 7 feet long and weich 90 kg while females grow to 11.4 feet on average and weigh 230 kg. The young sharks can be distinguished by the dark edges on their fins.

Some key physical features:
ectothermic ; heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry .

Sexual dimorphism: female larger.

Reproduction
Age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
6296 days (average)

Age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)
6296 days (average)

Bull Sharks are viviparous, meaning they give birth to live young that are nourished inside the mother shark. Sexual maturity is reached between the ages of 8 - 10. Bull Sharks breed in the summer months and the young sharks are born approximately one year later. The pups are born in litters of up to 13 and are around 28 inches at birth. A common breeding place for the Bull Shark is the brackish water where freshwater rivers meet the saltwater oceans.

Behavior
The Bull Shark is a solitary species that hunts by itself. Most individuals are not migratory, however many Bull Sharks in South America have been known to migrate thousands of miles from the Amazon River to the Atlantic Ocean. The largest threat to the shark is the large number of humans who fish for it commercially. It also is preyed upon by other large sharks especially in its juvenile stage. One interesting behavior is the Bull Shark's willingness to enter freshwater areas. The shark has been found far up the Mississippi and Amazon Rivers and also in Lake Nicaragua. Scientists thought the sharks in Lake Nicaragua were a separate species until they discovered that Bull Sharks were jumping the rapids, much like salmon, to enter the lake.

Key behaviors:
natatorial ; motile .

Food Habits
The Bull Shark is an omnivorous animal. It routinely preys upon fish, sharks (especially young sandbar sharks), rays, turtles, echinoderms, birds, mollusks, dolphins, and almost anything else it can find. Remains of everything from humans to hippopotami have been found in Bull Sharks' stomachs.

Economic Importance for Humans: Negative
Bull Sharks have an appetite for young Sandbar Sharks. Because many Sandbar Sharks do not reach maturity, this has a negative impact on the large commercial businesses that fish for them.

Economic Importance for Humans: Positive
The Bull Shark is one of the most commonly caught sharks in the world. It is frequently used as food in coastal areas and its skin is used to make leather.